Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray Disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in Japan in April 2003. The BD format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, and motion pictures. Besides these hardware specifications, Blu-ray is associated with a set of multimedia formats. DVD discs were limited to a maximum resolution of 480 ( NTSC, 720×480 pixels) or 576 lines (CCIR 625/50, 720×576 pixels, commonly used with PAL). High-definition (HD) video may be stored on Blu-ray Discs with up to 1920 × 1080 pixel resolution, at 24& 50/60 progressive or 50/60 interlaced frames per second. Triple-layer discs (100 GB) and quadruple-layer discs (128 GB) are available for BD-XL re-writer drives. Conventional (or 'pre-BD-XL') Blu-ray Discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual-layer discs (50 GB) being the industry standard for feature-length video discs.

The polycarbonate disc is 12 centimetres ( 4 + 3⁄ 4 inches) in diameter and 1.2 millimetres ( 1⁄ 16 inch) thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs.

The name refers to the blue laser (actually a violet laser) used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs.

The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as feature films and for the physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X. It was invented and developed in 2005 and released worldwide on June 20, 2006, capable of storing several hours of high-definition video ( HDTV 720p and 1080p).

High-Definition Versatile Multilayer Disc (HD VMD)īlu-ray ( Blu-ray Disc or BD) is a digital optical disc data storage format designed to supersede the DVD format.

HD DVD: HD DVD-R, HD DVD-RW, HD DVD-RAM.

Blu-ray Disc ( BD): BD-R & BD-RE, Blu-ray 3D, Mini Blu-ray Disc, 4K Blu-ray ( Ultra HD Blu-ray).

DVD: DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-R DL, DVD+R DL, DVD-R DS, DVD+R DS, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, DVD-RAM, DVD-D, DVD-A, DVD-Video, HVD, EcoDisc, MiniDVD.

Compact disc ( CD): CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, 5.1 Music Disc, Super Audio CD ( SACD), Photo CD, CD Video ( CDV), Video CD ( VCD), Super Video CD ( SVCD), CD+G, CD-Text, CD-ROM XA, CD-i, MIL-CD, Mini CD.

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